PENNATE DIATOMS WITH RAPHES - Bacillariophyceae (Neidium-Nitzschia)
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Names in bold italic print are current names for taxa reported from the central United States.
Names in standard italic print are synonyms reported in the references cited with them.

For example, Neidium affine (Ehr.) Pfitz. was reported under that name from Kansas, Oklahoma, and the Plains States in 3 references, and it was reported under the synonyms Navicula affinis Ehr. and Pleurosiphonia affinis Ehr. in several references, which are listed under the entries for these names in other sections of this list.

The entry for Nitzschia acuta Cl. indicates that this name (reported in 3 references) is a synonym of Tryblionella acuta (Cl.) D. Mann, which is included in another section of this list.

The names of the states are abbreviated with their postal codes: CO = Colorado, KS = Kansas, MO = Missouri, NE = Nebraska, OK = Oklahoma.
Neidium affine (Ehr.) Pfitz.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
    OK: Seyfer & Wilhm (1977)
    Plains States: Patrick & Reimer (1966)
        Synonyms:
            Navicula affinis Ehr.
Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus (Ehr.) Cl.
    OK: Troeger (1978, 1983)
    Plains States: Patrick & Reimer (1966)
        Synonyms:
            Navicula amphirhynchus Ehr.
            Navicula columnaris Ehr.
Neidium ampliatum (Ehr.) Kramm.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
        Synonyms:
            Neidium iridis var. ampliatum (Ehr.) Cl.
Neidium binode (Ehr.) Hust.
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974)
Neidium bisulcatum (Lagerst.) Cl.
    NE: Patrick & Reimer (1966)
    OK: Kennedy & Pfiester (1984)
        Synonyms:
            Navicula bisulcata Lagerst.
Neidium bisulcatum var. baicalense (Skv. & Meyer) Reim.
    OK: Troeger (1983)
Neidium dilatatum (Ehr.) Cl.
        Synonyms:
            Navicula dilatata Ehr.
Neidium dubium (Ehr.) Cl.
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979), Wilhm et al. (1977)
    Plains States: Patrick & Reimer (1966)
        Synonyms:
            Navicula dubia Ehr.
Neidium dubium f. constrictum Hust.
        Synonyms:
           Navicula mucronata Elm.
Neidium hercynicum f. subrostratum Wall.
    OK: Troeger (1983)
Neidium iridis (Ehr.) Cl.
    KS: Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: Pfiester & Terry (1978), Pfiester et al. (1979), Troeger (1978)
    Plains States: Patrick & Reimer (1966)
        Synonyms:
            Navicula iridis Ehr.
Neidium iridis f. vernalis Reichelt
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Neidium iridis var. amphigomphus (Ehr.) A. Mayer
    OK: Pfiester & Terry (1978)
    Plains States: Patrick & Reimer (1966)
        Synonyms:
            Navicula amphigomphus Ehr.
            Navicula dilatata Ehr. sensu A.S.
            Navicula iridis var. amphigomphus Ehr.
Neidium iridis var. ampliatum (Ehr.) Cl. = Neidium ampliatum (Ehr.) Kramm.
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
Neidium productum (W. Sm.) Cl.
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979), Troeger (1978)
        Synonyms:
            Navicula producta W. Sm.
Nitzschia acicularis (Kütz.) W. Sm. [some records might actually be Nitzschia reversa W. Sm. (e.g., 
      Elmore 1921:209, fig. 772)]
    CO: WPSS (1961-1963)
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001), Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Williams (1962, 1972), 
          Williams et al. (1979), WPSS (1961-1963, 1966), Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: Pamperl (1980), WPSS (1961-1963)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
    OK: Cooper & Wilhm (1975), Hern et al. (1979), Koch (1975), Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979),
           Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1978, 1983), Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978), Williams (1962),
           WPSS (1961-1963, 1966)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia acicularis (Kütz.) Kuntze
Nitzschia actinastroides (Lemm.) van Goor = Nitzschia holsatica Hust.
    KS: Wenke & Eberle (1986) [as both names]
Nitzschia acuta Cl. = Tryblionella acuta (Cl.) D. Mann
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982), Roemer et al. (1984)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
Nitzschia adapta Hust.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia agnewii Choln.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia amphibia Grun.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001), Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982), Roemer et al. (1984)
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1978), 
           Troeger & Menzel (1986), Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia amphibia (Grun.) Kuntze
Nitzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) W. Sm. = Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun.
    KS: Curtis (1901), Wolle (1889)
Nitzschia amphioxys var. vivax (Grun.) ? = Hantzschia amphioxys var. vivax Grun.
    KS: Curtis (1901)
Nitzschia angularis W. Sm.
    OK: Kennedy & Pfiester (1984)
Nitzschia angustata (W. Sm.) Grun. = Tryblionella angustata W. Sm.
    KS: Curtis (1901), Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1978), Wilhm et al. (1978)
Nitzschia apiculata (Greg.) Grun. = Tryblionella apiculata Greg.
    KS: Curtis (1901), Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Williams (1962), ?Williams et al. (1979), 
          WPSS (1966), Wujek et al. (1980)
    NE: Roemer et al. (1984)
    OK: Hern et al. (1979), Koch (1975), Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977),
           Troeger (1978), Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978), Williams (1962), WPSS (1966)
Nitzschia bacata Hust. = Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun.
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
Nitzschia brebissonii W. Sm.
    NE: Andersen & Walker (1920)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia brebissonii (W. Sm.) Kuntze
Nitzschia brevissima Grun.
        Synonyms:
            Nitzschia parvula Lewis [non Nitzschia parvula W. Sm.]
Nitzschia caledonensis Schoem.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia capitellata Hust.
    KS: Powers (1969)
    OK: ?Koch (1975), Pfiester et al. (1979), Troeger (1983)
Nitzschia clausii Hantz.
    KS: Powers (1969), Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: Koch (1975), Pfiester et al. (1979)
Nitzschia closterium (Ehr.) W. Sm. [misidentified Nitzschia reversa W. Sm.?]
    KS: Powers (1969)
Nitzschia communis Rab.
    KS: Curtis (1901), ?Harris & Eberle (2001)
    NE: Roemer et al. (1984), Schofield (1892)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
Nitzschia commutata Grun. [sensu Hustedt (1930)] = Nitzschia commutatoides L.-Bert. 
    (Krammer & Lange-Bertlot 1988:58)
    KS: Wenke & Eberle (1986), Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
Nitzschia commutatoides L.-Bert.
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia commutata (Grun.) Kuntze
         Nitzschia commutata Grun.
Nitzschia confinis Hust.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia denticula Grun.
    KS: Williams (1962), WPSS (1961-1963), Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: Koch (1975), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia obtusa (Grun.) Elm.
Nitzschia dissipata (Kütz.) Grun.
    KS: Curtis (1901), ?Harris & Eberle (2001), Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Williams et al. (1979),
           Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982), Roemer et al. (1984)
    OK: Koch (1975), Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979), Troeger (1978), Wilhm et al. (1977), 
           Wilhm et al. (1978), Williams (1962), WPSS (1966)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia dissipata (Kütz.) Kuntze
Nitzschia dubia W. Sm.
    OK: Koch (1975)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia dubia (W. Sm.) Elm.
Nitzschia elegans Hust.
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
Nitzschia elliptica Hust.
    OK: Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978)
Nitzschia entomon (Ehr.) Ralfs
        Synonyms:
            Synedra entomon Ehr.
Nitzschia epiphytica O. Müll.
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974)
Nitzschia fasciculata Grun.
    KS: Powers (1969)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia fasciculata (Grun.) Kuntze
Nitzschia filiformis (W. Sm.) V.H.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001), Powers (1969), Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982), F.A. Morris et al. (1979)
    OK: Hern et al. (1979), Pfiester et al. (1979), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1978), Wilhm et al. (1977),
           Wilhm et al. (1978)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia filiformis W. Sm.
Nitzschia flexa Schum.
    KS: Wujek et al. (1980)
Nitzschia fonticola Grun.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
    OK: Koch (1975), Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979), Troeger (1978, 1983)
Nitzschia frustulum (Kütz.) Grun.
    KS: Curtis (1901), Harris & Eberle (2001), Powers (1969)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    NE: Roemer et al. (1984)
    OK: Koch (1975), Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979), Troeger (1978), Troeger (1983)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia frustulum (Kütz.) Kuntze
Nitzschia frustulum var. perminuta Grun.
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
Nitzschia frustulum var. perpusilla (Rab.) Grun.
    KS: Wujek et al. (1980)
Nitzschia gandersheimiensis Krasske
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia geitleri Hust.
    KS: ?Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia gracilis Hantz.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001), Powers (1969)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979), Troeger (1978, 1983)
Nitzschia hantzschiana Rab.
    OK: Hern et al. (1979), Troeger (1978), Troeger (1983)
Nitzschia heufleriana Grun.
    KS: Curtis (1901)
Nitzschia holsatica Hust.
    KS: Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Williams et al. (1979), Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: Hern et al. (1979), Wilhm et al. (1977)
        Synonyms:
            Nitzschia actinastroides (Lemm.) van Goor
Nitzschia homburgiensis L.-Bert.
        Synonyms:
            Nitzschia thermalis (Ehr.) Auersw.
            Nitzschia thermalis var. minor Hilse
Nitzschia hungarica Grun. = Tryblionella hungarica (Grun.) D. Mann
    KS: Curtis (1901), Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Williams et al. (1979), Wujek et al. (1980)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982), Rosowski et al. (1986)
    OK: Cooper & Wilhm (1975), Koch (1975), Pfiester et al. (1979), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1978),
           Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978), Williams (1962), WPSS (1966)
Nitzschia ignorata Krasske
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
Nitzschia intermedia Hantz.
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia intermedia (Hantz.) Kuntze
Nitzschia invicta f. lanceolata Hust.
    KS: Powers (1969)
Nitzschia kuetzingiana Hilse [sensu Hustedt (1930)] = Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun. 
    (Krammer & Lange-Bertlot 1988:114)
    KS: Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: ?Koch (1975)
Nitzschia lanceolata W. Sm.
    KS: Curtis (1901)
    OK: Williams (1964)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia lanceolata (W. Sm.) Kuntze
Nitzschia linearis W. Sm.
    KS: Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Williams (1962, 1964), WPSS (1966), Wujek (1965)
    MO: Williams (1962, 1964), Williams & Scott (1962), WPSS (1966)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982), Rosowski et al. (1986), Williams (1962, 1964), WPSS (1966)
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1983), Troeger & Menzel (1986), 
          Wilhm et al. (1977), Williams (1962), WPSS (1966)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia liearis (W. Sm.) Kuntze
Nitzschia linearis var. tenuis (W. Sm.) Grun.
    KS: Wenke & Eberle (1985, 1986)
Nitzschia longissima f. parva Grun. = Nitzschia reversa W. Sm.
    KS: Reinke (1979a, 1985)
Nitzschia longissima var. reversa (W. Sm.) V.H. = Nitzschia reversa W. Sm.
    CO: Morris et al. (1979b)
    KS: Williams et al. (1979)
    OK: Hern et al. (1979)
Nitzschia lorenziana Grun.
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979), Wilhm et al. (1978)
Nitzschia lorenziana var. subtilis Grun.
    OK: Troeger (1983)
Nitzschia microcephala Grun.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001), Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974)
Nitzschia obtusa W. Sm.
    KS: Czarnecki & Reinke (1981)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia arcus (Buhln.) Kuntze
Nitzschia obtusa var. scapelliformis Grun. = Nitzschia scapelliformis (Grun.) Grun.
    KS: Czarnecki & Reinke (1981)
    OK: Koch (1975), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977)
Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W. Sm.
    KS: Curtis (1901), Harris & Eberle (2001), Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Williams (1962), 
          Williams & Scott (1962), Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: Pamperl (1980), Williams (1962)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982), F.A. Morris et al. (1979), Roemer et al. (1984), Williams (1962)
    OK: Cooper & Wilhm (1975), Koch (1975), Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979), 
           Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1983), Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978), Williams (1962), 
           Williams & Scott (1962)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia palea (Kütz.) Kuntze
Nitzschia palea var. debilis (Kütz.) Grun.
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
Nitzschia palea var. kuetzingiana (Hilse) Grun. = Nitzschia kuetzingiana Hilse
    KS: Powers (1969)
Nitzschia paleacea (Grun.) Grun.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974)
        Synonyms:
            Nitzschia bacata Hust.
            Nitzschia kuetzingiana Hilse
Nitzschia paradoxa (Gmelin) Grun. = Bacillaria paradoxa Gmelin
    KS: Curtis (1901), Powers (1969)
    OK: Wilhm et al. (1977)
Nitzschia parvula Lewis (non Nitzshchia parvula W. Sm.) = Nitzschia brevissima Grun.
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974), Pfiester et al. (1979), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1983), 
           Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978)
Nitzschia pseudoamphioxys Hust.
    KS: Powers (1969)
Nitzschia rautenbachiae Choln.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia recta Hantz. ex Rab.
    KS: Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
Nitzschia reversa W. Sm.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001), McFarland et al. (1964)
        Synonyms:
            Nitzschia acicularis (Kütz.) W. Sm.
            Nitzschia closterium (Ehr.) W. Sm.
            Nitzschia longissima f. parva Grun.
            Nitzschia longissima var. reversa (W. Sm.) V.H.
Nitzschia romana Grun.
    KS: Powers (1969)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979), Troeger (1978)
Nitzschia scapelliformis (Grun.) Grun.
        Synonyms:
            Nitzschia obtusa var. scapelliformis Grun.
Nitzschia sigma (Kütz.) W. Sm.
    KS: Curtis (1901), Harris & Eberle (2001), Powers (1969), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: Koch (1975), Pfiester et al. (1979), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Troeger (1978), Wilhm et al. (1977), 
          Wilhm et al. (1978)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia sigma (Kütz.) Kuntze
Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzsch) W. Sm.
    KS: Curtis (1901), ?Harris & Eberle (2001), Williams et al. (1979), Wujek et al. (1980)
    NE: F.A. Morris et al. (1979), Webber (1890)
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia sigmoidea (Kütz.) Kuntze
Nitzschia sinuata var. tabellaria (Grun.) Grun.
    KS: Wujek (1965), Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
Nitzschia spectabilis (Ehr.) Ralfs = Hantzschia spectabilis (Ehr.) Hust.
    KS: Curtis (1901) [see Eberle (1982:105)]
    NE: Andersen & Walker (1920)
Nitzschia spiculoides Hust.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia stagnorum (Rab.) Grun. = Nitzschia umbonata (Ehr.) L.-Bert.
    KS: Curtis (1901), Powers (1969)
    OK: Pfiester & Terry (1978), Pfiester et al. (1979)
Nitzschia subacicularis Hust.
        Synonyms:
            Nitzschia subrostrata Hust.
Nitzschia subcapitellata Hust.
    KS: Powers (1969)
    NE: Rosowski et al. (1986)
Nitzschia sublinearis Hust.
    KS: Wenke & Eberle (1985)
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974), Troeger (1978, 1983)
Nitzschia subrostrata Hust. = Nitzschia subacicularis Hust.
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
Nitzschia subtilis Grun.
    KS: Reinke (1982a)
    OK: Kennedy & Pfiester (1984)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia subtilis (Grun.) Kuntze
Nitzschia subtiloides Hust.
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
Nitzschia subvitrea Hust.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia suchlandtii Hust.
    NE: ?Hoagland et al. (1982)
Nitzschia tarda Hust.
    KS: Powers (1969)
Nitzschia thermalis (Ehr.) Auersw. [= Nitzschia umbonata (Ehr.) L.-Bert. or Nitzschia homburgiensis
      L.-Bert. (Krammer & Lange-Bertlot 1988:64-65)]
    KS: Wujek et al. (1980)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia umbonata (Ehr.) Kuntze
Nitzschia thermalis var. minor Hilse = Nitzschia homburgiensis L.-Bert.
    MO: Pamperl (1980)
    OK: Pfiester et al. (1979)
Nitzschia tropica Hust.
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982), Roemer et al. (1984)
Nitzschia tryblionella Hantz. = Tryblionella tryblionella (Hantz.) Proch. = Tryblionella gracilis
    W. Sm.?
    KS: Curtis (1901), Powers (1969), Williams et al. (1979), Wujek et al. (1980)
    NE: Andersen & Walker (1920), Williams (1962), WPSS (1961-1963, 1966)
    OK: Koch (1975), Pfiester et al. (1979), Seyfer & Wilhm (1977), Wilhm et al. (1977), Wilhm et al. (1978),
 WPSS (1961-1963)
Nitzschia tryblionella f. densus striatae ? = Tryblionella?
    KS: Curtis (1901)
Nitzschia tryblionella f. minor ? = Tryblionella?
    KS: Curtis (1901)
Nitzschia tryblionella var. debilis (Arn.) A. Mayer = Tryblionella debilis Arn.
    KS: ?Williams et al. (1979), Wujek et al. (1980)
    MO: M.K. Morris et al. (1979a), Pamperl (1980)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
    OK: Hern et al. (1979), Koch (1975)
Nitzschia tryblionella var. levidensis (W. Sm.) Grun. = Tryblionella levidensis W. Sm.
    OK: Pfiester & Terry (1978), Troeger (1983)
Nitzschia tryblionella var. victoriae (Grun.) Grun. = Tryblionella victoriae Grun.
    KS: Curtis (1901)
    NE: Hoagland et al. (1982)
    OK: Koch & Risser (1974)
Nitzschia umblicata Hust. = Tryblionella umblicata (Hust.) D. Mann
    KS: Powers (1969)
Nitzschia umbonata (Ehr.) L.-Bert.
        Synonyms:
            Nitzschia stagnorum (Rab.) Grun.
            Nitzschia thermalis (Ehr.) Auersw.
Nitzschia valdestriata Aleem & Hust.
    KS: Powers (1969)
Nitzschia vermicularis (Kütz.) Hantz.
    KS: Harris & Eberle (2001), Wenke & Eberle (1986), Williams et al. (1979)
    OK: Hern et al. (1979), Kennedy & Pfiester (1984)
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia vermicularis (Kütz.) Kuntze
Nitzschia vitrea Norm.
        Synonyms:
            Homoeocladia vitrea (Norm.) Kuntze
Nitzschia vitrea var. salinarum Grun.
    KS: Czarnecki & Reinke (1981), Harris & Eberle (2001)
Nitzschia vitrea var. scaphiformis Wisl. & Poretz.
    KS: ?Harris & Eberle (2001)
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