Part A. Definitions (2 points each)
1. Electronegativity- the amount of pull an atom has on another atoms electrons

2. _transmutation_ is the conversion of an atom of one element into an atom of another element.

3. Ionization energy- the amount of energy it takes to pull an electron away from an atom

4. _cation__ is a positively charged atom.

5. Melting point- the temperature at which a solid is converted into a liquid

6. _anion__ is a negatively charged atom.

7. Formula unit- the simplest whole number ration which describes an ionic crystal

8. __parent nucleus__ is a large, usually unstable nucleus formed by the bombardment of one element with a particle or a second atom.

9. VSEPR- valence shell electron pair repulsion.  A theory used to predict the shape of molecules.

10. _Dipole or dipole moment__ is a d⁺ and d^- region of a molecule, separated by space.

Part B. Concepts
1.State the periodic law. (4 points)
    When arranged by atomic number, atoms show repeating trends in their chemical and physical properties.

2. State the octet rule. (4 points)
    Electrons will lose, gain, or share electrons in order to achieve the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.

3. Construct a table of the 3 major types of radiation. Include the name, charge, mass, identity and strength of the particles emitted. (6 points)
name       charge       mass        identity           strength
alpha        +2            4 amu        helium ion    weak- blocked by paper
beta           -1           0 amu        electron        intermediate- blocked by thin lead (0.5 cm)
gamma        0           0 amu            "light"        high- passes through thick layer of lead

4.  Name three groups on the periodic table. I am not looking for metals, nonmetals and metalloids. (3 points)
        alkaline earth metals
        lathanides
        halogens
        noble gas

5.State the periodic trends for melting point and electronegativity. (4 points) For a bonus point each, list the element of our periodic table which has the highest value for these physical properties.
    melting point increases to the bottom and center of periodic, tungsten (W) highest
    electronegativity inreases right and up, F highest

6.Name the following molecules. (6 points)
(NH₄)₂SO₄     _ammonium sulfate__
P₂O₅              _diphosphorous pentoxide__
CCl₄               _carbon tetrachloride__
Mg₃(PO₄)₂     _magnesium phosphate_
CsF                _cesium fluoride_
NH₄Cl             _ammonium chloride_

7.Draw the Lewis dot structures of the following molecules. Include all lone pairs in the diagram. From the dot structure, predict the shape of the molecule. (8 points)
     OFH          NH₄⁺                  HF                  PCl₃
     _bent_     _tetrahedral_          _linear_          _pyramidal_
     shape          shape                 shape              shape

8.We discussed in class a number of uses of radiation, which are also covered in your book. Write a brief paragraph outlining one use and the property or properties of radiation that makes this use possible. (10 points)

9. How many valence electrons do the following elements have? (5 points) What oxidation state will they develop? (5 points)
          valence electrons          oxidation state
K               _1_                          _+1__
Kr             _8_                           _0_
P               _5_                           _-3_
H              _1_                            _+1_
He             _2_                           _0_

10. How many bonds will the following elements form? (3 points)
F     _1_
Se     _2_
Al     _3_

11. What is the formula unit for the interaction between magnesium and chlorine? (2 points) Will this molecule conduct electricity in solution? (2 points)
    MgCl₂; yes, it is an ionic compound

12. In the far reaches of the Arctic circle, a new element is found. Dr. Doolittle has decided to name the element mysterium, My, but hasn't gotten around deciding where the element should be placed. Help him out by looking at the properties of this element and deciding where on the periodic table it should be placed. (3 points)
My + chlorine ---->MyCl₄                     Indicates group IV
My + oxygen ----> MyO₂                     Indicates group IV
The electronegativity of My is very low.      Indicates near bottom of group IV

Should be placed in position of lead or tin

14. What is the second product of the following reaction? (2 points)
³H ----> ³He + _ _-1e __

15. Write an equation for the gamma decay of ³²P. (2 points)
        ¹³¹I ----> ¹³¹I + ⁰₀g
16. In trying to develop a milder fragrance for perfume, scientists last summer exposed a Jasmin plant to gamma radiation. After exposing the plant, there was no visible effect on the plant, but offspring of the plant had a less powerful odor. Was the mutation which had occurred a somatic or a genetic mutation? (2 points)

Genetic- the trait was passed on to the offspring

18. Predict whether the following molecules are polar or nonpolar. (4 points)

_polar_             ___polar____         __nonpolar_____     ____polar___