This exam covers the functional groups: alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic rings and carboxylic acids (intro only)

A. 10 definitions chosen from the following terms (2 points each)

Sn1 mechanism

E1 mechanism

Sn2 mechanism

E2 mechanism

oxidation

reduction

carbocation

carbanion

electrophile

nucleophile

p-bond conjugation

resonance structures

carboxylate ion

partial double bond character

catalyst

carbonyl group

crossed aldol condensation B. Concepts

1. Be able to compare classes of molecules with respect to properties such as melting point

2. Be able to diagram the functional groups, with respect to areas of d⁺ (electrophillic regions) and d^- (nucleophilic regions)

3. Be able to apply your knowledge of IR, NMR and MS to molecules containing these functional groups ("cheat sheet" provided) to determine molecular structure. Alternatively, be able to predict and/or sketch the expected spectrum of a molecule of known structure.

4. Be able to name molecules of the size and complexity we have been encountering. Alternatively, be able to draw the structure of a compound, given its name.

Reactions to know

5. Alcohols: rxn w/Na, conversion to alkyl halides, dehydration

6. Aldehydes/ketones: Tollens test, reduction to alcohols, Grignard rxn, aldol condensation

7. Aromatic rings: Friedel-Crafts, halogenation, nitration, KMnO₄ oxidation

8. Be able to assign ortho/para vs. meta director status to the groups discussed in class

9. With respect to these reactions, be able to predict the predominant product(s). Alternatively, be able to give reasonable starting materials for a final product.

10. Be able to give a good idea of whether a reaction will proceed via an Sn1 or Sn2 mechanism